Hardware Management

Intel Core Microarchitecture

A chipset consists of processor chip and PCH, which are linked by DMI.

Platform Controller Hub (PCH)

A hub to connect to peripheral devices, featuring PCI-to-PCI bridge, SATA controller, USB controller, audio controller, Ethernet controller, PCI Express, and I/O APIC.

<aside> 💡 PCI-to-PCI bridge is a hardware component that is used to expand the number of PCI slots available on a computer's motherboard. It allows multiple PCI devices to share the same PCI bus, which can help to reduce the number of physical PCI slots needed on the motherboard.

</aside>

<aside> 💡 SATA (Serial ATA) controller is a hardware component that is used to connect SATA storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs), to a computer's motherboard. The controller manages the data transfer between the storage device and the rest of the computer system.

SATA Cable

</aside>

The lscpu command

You can view the information about the processor by using the lscpu command or the cat /proc/cpuinfo command.

cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : AuthenticAMD
cpu family      : 25
model           : 33
model name      : AMD Ryzen 9 5900X 12-Core Processor
stepping        : 0
microcode       : 0xffffffff
cpu MHz         : 4000.027
cache size      : 512 KB
physical id     : 0
siblings        : 24
core id         : 0
cpu cores       : 12
apicid          : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 13
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext perfctr_core ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero xsaveerptr arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid
bugs            : sysret_ss_attrs null_seg spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass
bogomips        : 8000.05
TLB size        : 2560 4K pages
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:

processor       : 1
vendor_id       : AuthenticAMD
...

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

A standard interface used for connecting computer components, such as expansion cards, to the motherboard of a computer.

<aside> 💡 PCI vs. USB PCI : You fit expansion cards into PCIe slots. Stuff like graphics cards, video capture, RAID controllers, etc. etc. etc

PCIe

USB : Designed mainly to plug peripherals into a computer. Stuff like a mouse, a keyboard, external storage. It’s not intended for huge speeds, definitely not for fast latency.

USB

https://www.quora.com/USB-vs-PCIE-What-is-the-difference-between-them-and-the-buses-Thank-you

</aside>

The lspci command